02 · Building Regulations · Part G

Water efficiency calculations

Every new home in England must be designed so that water use is no more than 125 litres per person per day. A water efficiency calculation shows building control that the taps, toilets, showers, baths and appliances you have chosen meet that limit.

DWGuide by Dan Wallis · Updated 27 September 2026

This guide covers the rules in England. See Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

56 providersPart G
Who needs oneAnyone building a new home or converting a building into homes
Who can do itUsually your SAP assessor or designer
WhenDesign stage, confirmed at completion if fittings change

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The two limits

  • 125 litres per person per day: the standard Part G requirement.
  • 110 litres per person per day: the optional tighter requirement, which applies when your planning permission includes a condition requiring it. Check your decision notice.

How it is worked out

The calculation uses the flow rates and capacities of the fittings you plan to install. You can also use the "fittings approach", which sets maximum flow rates for each fitting. Changing fittings during the build can affect compliance, so tell your assessor if the specification changes.

In Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

This guide describes the rules in England. Building regulations are devolved, so here is how water efficiency calculations works in the rest of the UK.

Wales

Wales is stricter than England. 110 litres per person per day is the standard limit for every new home, not an optional extra. Homes created by conversion have a 125 litre limit.

Scotland

There is no per-person water calculation. Instead, new homes must use water-efficient fittings, such as toilets that use no more than 4.5 litres per flush and basin taps of no more than 6 litres a minute.

Northern Ireland

There is no water efficiency limit, so building control doesn’t need a water calculation.

Common questions

Does an extension need a water calculation?

No. The Part G water efficiency requirement applies to new homes.

What fittings make the biggest difference?

Toilets, showers and baths usually have the most effect. Dual-flush toilets and flow-restricted showers make the lower limits easier to meet.

What is the limit?

125 litres per person per day for a new home in England. A tighter limit of 110 litres applies when your planning permission includes a condition requiring it, so check your decision notice.

Who does the calculation, and when?

Usually your SAP assessor or designer, at design stage. It’s confirmed at completion if the fittings change, so tell your assessor about any changes to the specification.

New to the jargon? See our glossary of terms, from air permeability to TrustMark.